天津博物馆：明代青花
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“天津博物馆藏明代青花”展览汇集了天津博物馆珍藏的丰富明代青花瓷器。明代青花瓷器是中国陶瓷艺术的珍贵遗产，其精湛的工艺和独特的装饰风格受到世人的赞美。此次展览将呈现明代青花瓷器的精美之处，包括花卉、人物、山水等主题，展现了明代时期陶瓷艺术的独特魅力。展览通过精美的展品和详实的介绍，让观众能够深入了解明代青花瓷器的制作工艺和历史背景，从而增进对中国传统陶瓷艺术的认识和欣赏。无论是对古陶瓷艺术感兴趣的专家学者，还是喜爱中国传统文化的普通观众，都能在展览中感受到中国陶瓷文化的独特魅力。
明代青花瓷
(1368-1644)
明代初年景德镇设立官窑。自永乐，宣德始，官窑的烧造规模不断扩大。青花品质精良，造型既有传承也有创新，同时还受到伊斯兰文化的影响，部分瓷器颇有异域风格。而民窑青花呈现出自由豪放，泼辣清新的制作风格，将当时民间的审美情趣表现的淋漓尽致。有明一代，青花瓷的最大特点是：随着不同时期钴料的变化，亦形成了青花瓷器的多种风格。
明洪武 青花云龙纹盘
Blue-and-white plate with dragon in clouds design
Hongwu Reign (1368-1398), Ming Dynasty
明永乐 青花葡萄纹盘
Blue-and-white plate with grapes design
Yongle Reign (1403-1424), Ming Dynasty
明永乐 青花莲瓣纹鸡心碗
Blue-and-white Jixin (chicken-heart featured) bowl with lotus petals design
Yongle Reign (1403-1424), Ming Dynasty
明永乐 青花花卉纹鱼篓尊
Blue-and-white creel-shaped zun vase with floral design
Yongle Reign (1403-1424), Ming Dynasty
明永乐 青花缠枝莲纹执壶
Blue-and-white flask with interlocking lotus sprays design
Yongle Reign (1403-1424), Ming Dynasty
明永乐 青花龙纹扁壶
Blue-and-white flask with dragon design
Yongle Reign (1403-1424), Ming Dynasty
明 宣德款青花缠枝花纹碗
Blue-and-white with interlocking flower design
with the imperial mark of Xuande Reign (1403-1424), Ming Dynasty
明 宣德款青花牵牛花纹兽耳倭角方瓶
Blue-and-white square vase with animal-shaped lugs and moming-glory design, with the imperial mark of Xuande Reign (1403-1424), Ming Dynasty
唇口微侈,直颈，两侧贴塑兽耳，方形腹的每个直角均斜削成45度，使之变为八棱锤形，圈足外撇。通体青花牵牛花纹，底部青花书“大明宣德年制“楷书款。
明 宣德款青花缠枝莲纹卧足碗
Blue-and-white concave-foot bowl with interlocking lotus sprays design.
With the imperial mark of Xuande Reign (1426-1435), Ming Dynasty
明 宣德款青花鱼藻纹洗
Blue-and-white Brush Washer with Fish and Algae Design
With the Imperial Mark of Xuande Reign (1426-1435), Ming Dynasty
明宣德 青花花卉纹梅瓶
Blue-and-white Plum Vase with Floral Design
Xuande Reign (1426-1435), Ming Dynasty
明 宣德款青花云龙纹钵
Blue-and-white Bo (food vessel) with Dragon in Clouds Design With the Imperial Mark of Xuande Reign (1426-1435), Ming Dynasty
此造型近似半圆体，器壁较厚，平唇平底，底部无釉。腹部主题纹饰为两条凶猛的苍龙游嬉在云间。钵内心青花双圈线书“大明宣德年制”六字款。画面青花浓艳深沉，画意豪放生动，是宣德青花典型代表作品。
明宣德 青花把莲纹盘
Blue-and-white Plate with Lotus Leaf, Flower and Seedpod Design
Xuande Reign (1426-1435), Ming Dynasty
明 宣德款青花双狮纹盘
Blue-and-white Plate with Double Lions Design
With the Imperial Mark of Xuande Reign (1426-1435), Ming Dynasty
明宣德 青花缠枝花纹折沿盘
Blue-and-white Plate with Foliated Edge and Interlocking Flower Design，Xuande Reign (1426 1435), Ming Dynasty
明宣德 青花缠枝牡丹纹盘
Blue-and-white Plate with Interlocking Peony Sprays Design
Xuande Reign (1426-1435), Ming Dynasty
明宣德 青花梵文螭耳炉
Blue-and-white Censer with Chi-dragon Shaped Lugs and Sanskrit Words Design, Xuande Reign (1426-1435), Ming Dynasty
此炉造型别致，炉身两侧各饰一只螭虎，作向上攀爬状，姿态活泼，栩栩如生。腹部主体纹饰呈“V”字开光，开光内钱纹铺地，其中写有梵文字。经查证，此字音哞，是梵文蓝查体。蓝查体为密宗信奉的印度佛教文字体，此字代表阿辁佛。而阿辁佛则是金刚界五智如来的东方如来。
明代正统一天顺青花
(公元1436年一1464年)
正统、景泰、天顺三朝正值朝野动荡，干戈不息。这段时期，瓷器的发展史料记录模糊、空白，故用“空白期”称之。随着考古资料的发现，人们对空白期瓷器有了新的认识。发现其前期继承宣德青花瓷器风格，青花发色较浓艳，布局较为繁密; 后期则开成化青花瓷之先河，青花发色淡雅，图案布局趋于疏朗。
明正统 青花山水人物图笔山
Blue-and-white Brush Rack with Landscape and Figure Painting, Zhengtong Reign (1436-1449), Ming Dynasty
笔架呈五峰山形、正面绘一老者安坐于深山之中，远处云蒸雾腾，自云深处隐现一千年古刹，意境深邃，有仙山楼阁之境。背面绘三只海马跳跃于波涛之间，笔法写意，画风潇酒活泼。青花发色深沉，笔触停顿处多有黑色结晶斑出现，当为进口的“苏麻离青”料所绘。
明正统 青花麒麟纹罐
Blue-and-white Jar with Kylin Design,
Zhengtong Reign (1436-1449), Ming Dynasty
此罐腹部主体纹饰为天降麒麟，高云远山的衬景下，只见两组麒麟四蹄生风，飞奔而来，雄壮威武，极具气魄..麒麟脚下的山石、飞蝶、草木简笔一带而过，更村托出画面的动感十足。空白期的纹饰以人物、花卉纹居多，麒麟做主题纹饰的较为少见，因而这件大罐亦属难得。
明正统 青花人物图盖罐
Blue-and-white Covered Jar with Figure Painting
Zhengtong Reign (1436-1449), Ming Dynasty
明正统 青花折枝花卉纹盖罐
Blue-and-white Covered Jar with Plucked Floral Sprays Design
Zhengtong Reign (1436-1449), Ming Dynasty
明正统 青花人物故事图罐
Blue-and-white Jar with Figure Painting
Zhengtong Reign (1436-1449), Ming Dynasty
明景泰 青花花卉纹戟耳方瓶
Blue-and-white Square Vase with Ji-shaped Lugs and Floral Design
Jingtai Reign (1450-1456), Ming Dynasty
明天顺 青花人物图罐
Blue-and-white Jar with Figure Painting
Tianshun Reign (1457-1464), Ming Dynasty
明天顺 青花人物图罐
Blue-and-white Jar with Figure Painting
Tianshun Reign (1457-1464), Ming Dynasty
明天顺 青花人物图梅瓶
Blue-and-white Plum Vase with Figure Painting
Tianshun Reign (1457-1464), Ming Dynasty
明代成化一正德青花
(公元1465年-15)
成化、弘治、正德时期为青花瓷器平稳发展的阶段，成化、弘治青花用料采用国产的平等青料，青花色泽蓝中带灰，呈色淡雅柔和。正德时期青花因使用石子青及回青料，青花色泽也呈现多种面貌，有淡雅者，亦有浓重者。造型丰富，器物纹饰也常见阿拉伯文，为这一时期的时代特点。
明成化 青花麒麟纹罐
Blue-and-white Jar with Kylin Design
Chenghua Reign (1465-1487), Ming Dynasty
明成化 青花僧人像
Blue-and-white Statue of a Monk,
Chenghua Reign (1465-1487). Ming Dynasty
此僧安坐于须弥座上，头戴莲花状僧冠，面目清秀，两目平视，身着右衽僧衣，肩部披如意式裟披、神情肃穆。器身釉面肥厚白润，青花色泽淡雅。成化朝雕塑工艺技巧高超，人物制作尤其精细，但流传下来的作品不是很多，这件僧人像可使我们领略成化雕塑的风貌。
明成化 青花人物图三足炉
Blue-and-white Tripod Censer with Figure Painting
Chenghua Reign (1465-1487). Ming Dynasty
明 成化款青花花篮纹碗
Blue-and-white Bowl with Flower Basket Design
With the Imperial Mark of Chenghua Reign (1465-1487), Ming Dynasty
此碗撇口，弧壁，圈足。外壁以青花绘花蓝纹，蓝内所盛花果形态各异，别具一格，相见处以三脚云纹隔开。青花色泽淡雅，线条纤丽，画工精细，笔法酣畅。碗底部青花双方框内楷书“大明成化年制”两行六字款。明代景德镇御窑厂遗址曾出土的大量官窑碎片中，经过拼补后发现一件与此造型、纹饰相同的斗彩碗说明这应是一件斗彩漏彩的青花碗。当年工作的疏忽却给后人留下了独一无二的稀有标本。故弥足珍贵。
明弘治 青花昭君出塞图炉
Blue-and-white Censer with a Picture Featuring the Story of Wang Zhaojun Going out of the Frontier
Hongzhi Reign (1488-1505), Ming Dynasty
直口，筒腹，平底，三足。主题纹饰: 一仕女手抱琵琶，两仕女持物相随，抬头观望，前面一座城楼，上立三员藩将，松云相间，当表现昭君出塞的故事。
明弘治 青花人物图夹层碗
Blue-and-white Double-deck bowl with figure painting
Hongzhi Reign (1488-1505), Ming Dynasty
明弘治 青花缠枝莲纹葫芦瓶
Blue-and-white Gourd-shaped Vase with Interlocking Lotus Sprays Design
Hongzhi Reign (1488-1505), Ming Dynasty
明弘治 青花人物纹碗
Blue-and-white plate with figure painting，Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
明弘治 青花花卉纹诸葛碗
Blue-and-white double-deck bowl with floral design
Hongzhi Reign (1488-1505), Ming Dynasty
明 正德款青花三云纹盘
Blue-and-white Plate with Three Clouds Design,
With the Imperial Mark of Zhengde Reign (1506-1521), Ming Dynasty
此盘内底饰青花双圈线，内绘三朵云纹，云脚左飘，呈“品”字形排列。盘外壁绘双龙游云，龙的形象是典型明中期画法，盘底青花“大明正德年制"款。
明正德 青花玄武帝坐像
Blue-and-white statue of emperor Xuanwu
Zhengde Reign (1506-1521). Ming Dynasty
明 正德款青花龙穿花纹盘
Blue-and-white plate with dragon in flowers design
With the imperial mark of Zhengde Reign (1506-1521). Ming Dynasty
明正德 青花婴戏图碗
Blue-and-white bowl with a picture of children at play
Zhengde Reign (1506-1521). Ming Dynasty
正德时期瓷器，品种多样，纹饰纤细秀丽。此碗纹饰构图疏朗轻柔，碗壁以树石栏杆为景，绘十六娃娃行乐玩耍，俗称“十六子碗”，画面生动，颇有生活气息。尽管无款，但造型、制作工艺、青花用料均属正德时典型器。
明 正德款青花阿拉伯文器座
Blue-and-white holder with Arabian words
With the imperial mark of Zhengde Reign (1506-1521), Ming Dynasty
明正德 青花麒麟望月图盘
Blue-and-white plate with a picture of kylin look at the moon
Zhengde Reign (1506-1521), Ming Dynasty
明正德 凤穿花纹绣墩
Blue-and-white garden stool with phoenix in flowers design
Zhengde Reign (1506-1521), Ming Dynasty
明正德 青花人物图葫芦瓶
Blue-and-white gourd-shaped vase with figure painting,
Zhengde Reign (1506-1521), Ming Dynasty
葫芦瓶自唐代以来，因其谐音“福禄”，故为民间喜爱，成为传统器型。这件瓶子纹饰很丰富，上腹口沿处绘回纹，莲托八宝纹；主题绘云亭仙境故事，分别有：仙人观莲，赏菊，题诗，赶考四个情节；束腰处绘锦纹，下腹部绘“吹箫引凤”，“携琴访友”，“炼丹求道”，“鱼龙变化”等内容。此瓶是正德时期民窑精品。
明代嘉靖一万历青花
(公元15-16)
嘉靖青花使用回青料，呈现蓝中泛紫的浓重色调。由于皇帝信奉道教，故纹饰中道教题材占相当比重，另外纹饰上吉祥祈福的内容亦较普遍，如书写“福”、“寿”字等。隆庆一朝历时仅六年，从总体风格上看，隆庆青花与嘉靖青花近似。万历青花早期亦使用回青料，青花呈色浓艳，中期以后，采用国产石子青料及浙料，呈色蓝中泛灰。器型种类丰富，大件器物较多。
明 嘉靖款青花花果纹盘
Blue-and-white Plate with Flower and Fruit Design,
With the Imperial Mark of Jiajing Reign (1522-1566), Ming Dynasty
此盘胎体厚重，器型硕大，青花色泽蓝中泛紫，显然用“回青”钴料绘画而成。画面主题纹饰是鸟栖枝头，画风生动活泼，布局繁而不乱，绘画技法运用 “铁线描”，是难得一见的嘉靖官窑大器。
明 嘉靖款青花云凤纹盘
Blue-and-white plate with phoenix in clouds design
With the imperial mark of Jiajing Reign (1522-1566). Ming Dynasty
明嘉靖 青花婴戏图罐
Blue-and-white jar with a picture of children at play
Jiajing Reign (1522-1566), Ming Dynasty
明 嘉靖款青花云鹤纹葫芦瓶
Blue-and-white gourd-shaped vase with cloud and crane design
With the imperial mark of Jiajing Reign (1522-1566), Ming Dynasty
明嘉靖 青花八卦云鹤纹炉
Blue-and-white Censer with Eight Trigrams and Crane in Clouds Design
Jiajing Reign (1522-1566), Ming Dynasty
明 嘉靖款青花海水八仙人物图罐
Blue-and-white Jar with a Picture of the Eight Immortals on the Sea
With the Imperial Mark of Jiajing Reign (1522-1566), Ming Dynasty
嘉靖款青花八仙人物图瓶
Blue-and-white Vase with a Picture of the Eight Immortals
With the Imperial Mark of Jiajing Reign (1522 1566), Ming Dynasty
明嘉靖 青花兽紋葫芦瓶
Blue-and-white Gourd-shaped Vase with Animal Design
Jiajing Reign (1522-1566), Ming Dynasty
明 隆庆款青花仕女抚婴图长方盒
Blue-and-white Rectangular Box with a Picture of a Woman Caressing a Baby,
With the Imperial Mark of Longqing Reign (1567-1572), Ming Dynasty
盒呈长方形，胎体厚重，盒盖及四面绘仕女抚婴图，青花色泽艳丽，蓝中泛紫，系进口“回青”料所绘。盒底无釉，中心有一圆形脐，白釉青花楷书“大明隆庆年造“二行六字款。隆庆一朝，仅历时六年，传世品稀少，官窑器尤甚。国内藏有的隆庆朝瓷器亦屈指可数，因故这件完整的青花盒更显珍贵。
明 万万款青花八宝小碗
Blue-and-white Bowl with Eight Treasures Design
With the Imperial Mark of Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明 万历上字款青花人物碗
Blue-and-white Bowl with Figure Painting and the Character "Shang"
Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明 万历款青花梵文碗
Blue-and-white Bowl with Sanskrit Words
With the Imperial Mark of Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
梵文字，是古印度文字，随着佛教的传入而出现在中国。梵文字从永乐宣德时始现于瓷器之上，到成化弘治时有所发展，至万历时达到高峰。瓷器上的梵文字可以分为两大类：一类代表佛尊形象的种子字；一类为密宗的经咒。此碗碗心书“唵啊哞”三字梵文连缀体，碗的内外壁周密密麻麻写满了梵文经咒。底书“大明万历年制"楷书款。
明万历 青花开光四兽纹罐
Blue-and-white Jar with Four Animals Design
Wanli Reign (1573- 1620), Ming Dynasty
明 万历款青花松鶴紋罐
Blue-and-white Jar with Pine and Crane Design
With the Imperial Mark of Wanli Reign (1573-1620）, Ming Dynasty
明 万历款青花缠枝花纹螭耳觚
Blue-and-white Gu (wine vessel) with Chi-dragon Lugs and Interlocking Flower Design
With the Imperial Mark of Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明万历 青花狮戏牡丹纹绣墩
Blue-and-white Garden Stool with Lions Playing in Peonies Design
Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明 万历款青花福寿文罐
Blue-and-white Jar with the Characters "Fu" and "Shou" (Fortune and Longevity)
With the Imperial Mark of Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明 万历款青花龙纹笔山
Blue-and-white brush rack with dragon design
With the imperial mark of Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明万历 青花松鹿瓷塑
Blue-and-white Ornament of Pine and Deer
Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明万历 青花花卉纹长方盒
Blue-and-white Rectangular Box with Floral Design
Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明万历 青花人物图炉
Blue-and-white Censer with Figure Painting
Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明万历 青花云龙纹方炉
Blue-and-white Square Censer with Dragon in Clouds Design
Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明万历 青花人物图朝耳炉
Blue-and-white Censer with Two Handles and Figure Painting
Wanli Reign (1573- 1620), Ming Dynasty
明 万历款青花寿字文龙钮盖罐
Blue-and-white Covered Jar with Dragon-shaped Knob and "Shou" (Longevity) Character Design, with the Imperial Mark of Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
此罐直口，丰肩，鼓腹，颈部内收，圈足。半圆形出沿盖，盖纽极别致，塑造成一条盘曲的巨龙，罐身用青花料书写各体“寿”字，各个寿字之间用缠枝莲花相勾串。整个画面构图繁密却不杂乱，反而显得缠枝连连，寿字翩翩，洋溢着一副吉祥呈瑞的富贵气派。罐底青花楷书“大明万历年制“款。
明万历 青花福禄寿字文八棱罐
Blue-and-white Octagonal Jar with the Characters“Fu",“Lu" and“Shou" (Fortune, Rank and Longevity)
Wanli Reign (1573-1620), Ming Dynasty
明代天启一崇青花
（公元16一1644年）
天启、崇时期官窑瓷器基本不见，代之而起的是民窑器物，纹饰受当时绘画、木版画等影响，山水题材较为多见，装饰风格多样，完全突破了以往官器物图案规矩化的束缚。青花呈色蓝中泛黑，色泽较淡，给人以全新的感受。
明天启青花山水图笔架
Blue-and-white Brush Rack with Landscape Painting
Tianqi Reign(1621-1627), Ming Dynasty
明天启青花花卉纹出戟方觚
Blue-and-white Square Gu (wine vessel)with Floral Design.
Tiangi Reign(1621-1627), Ming Dynasty
胎体轻薄，釉质洁白，青花呈色淡雅稳定。颈与胫部均绘湖石花卉，腹部绘四季花纹，足上为变形火焰纹。此觚造型纹饰与北京故宫博物院珍藏的“天启元年米石隐造”款的膏花基本相同，堪称天启时期膏花瓷器的代表。
明天启青花婴戏图碗
Blue-and-white Bowl with a Picture of Children at Play
Tianqi Reign(1621-1627), Ming Dynasty
明崇祯青花人物故事图卷筒
Blue-and-white Vase with Figure Painting
Chongzhen Reign(1628-1644), Ming Dynasty
明崇祯青花饲马图莲子罐
Blue-and-white Lotus-seed-shaped Jar with a Picture of Horse Feeding
Chongzhen Reign(1628-1644), Ming Dynasty
明崇祯青花文王访贤图缸
Blue-and-white Jar with Picture of a Historical Story of Western Zhou Dynasty
Chongzhen Reign(1628-1644), Ming Dynasty
明崇祯青花山水人物故事图笔筒
Blue-and-white Brush Holder with Picture of Landscape and Figures
Chongzhen Reign(1628-1644), Ming Dynasty
明崇祯“甲戌春孟赵府造用”款青花龙纹盘
Blue-and-white Plate with Dragon Design
Chongzhen Reign(1628-1644) Ming Dynasty
明崇祯雨香斋款青花碗
Blue-and-white Small Bowl with the Inscription of "Yu Xiang Zhai"
Chongzhen Reign(1628-1644), Ming Dynasty
明崇祯青花人物故事图盘
Blue-and-white Plate with Figure Painting
Chongzhen Reign(1628-1644), Ming Dynasty
明崇祯青花花鸟图觚
Blue-and-white Gu(Wine vessel) with Flower and Bird Design
Chongzhen Reign (1628-1644)Qing Dyasty
唐代一元代青花
(公元6一1368年 )
唐青花属于青花器的初创期，扬州为唐代重要港口，唐青花大多出土于此。通过考古发现，对扬州出土瓷片的胎、釉、彩进行研究，并对唐代巩县窑的物质和技术条件进行分析，初步断定唐青花的产地是河南巩县窑。青花瓷经过唐代初创期以后，并没有迅速发展起来，而是走向了衰败。到了宋代，到目前为止，我们能见到的宋青花只有浙江省龙泉县的金沙塔塔基和绍兴市环翠塔的塔基遗址出土的十余片瓷片。元代青花瓷走向了成熟，成熟的青花瓷出现在景德镇。
元 青花缠枝牡丹纹兽耳罐
Blue-and-white Jar with Animal-shaped Lugs and Interlocking Peony Sprays Design
Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)
元 青花缠枝牡丹纹兽耳罐
Blue-and-white Jar with Animal-shaped Lugs and Interlocking Peony Sprays Design
Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)
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