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一般过去时的被动语态

2016-12-16 16:44:55
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一般过去式的被动语态是助动词be的过去式(was或were)加动词的过去分词(p.p.)构成。

即:主浯十was(were)十p.p.

    十 其它成分

例如:The Great Wall was built

        two thousand years ago.长城是两千年以前建成的。

一般过去时的被动语态

基本结构是:be动词的过去式(was、were)+动词的过去分词+其他形式。其表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作。

1.肯定句

结构:主语+was/were+动词过去分词+其他

eg: A new shop was built last year.

去年新建了一家商店。

eg: Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

恐龙蛋是很久以前产的。

2.否定句

结构:主语+was/were+not+动词过去分词+其他

eg: The computers were not bought last week.

上周没有买电脑。

3.一般疑问句

结构:Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词+其他

eg: Were the computers bought last week?

上星期买的电脑吗

4.特殊疑问句

结构:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词过去分词+其他

eg: When were the computers bought?

电脑是什么时候买的

注:

(1)若句子中含有双宾语,在改为被动语态时,遵循以下方法:

1.将间接宾语转化为句子主语。

She gave the little girl some flowers.她给了那个小女孩一些花。

The little girl was given some flowers by her.

2.将直接宾语转化为句子主语,此时间接宾语前通常加上介词to或for(何时用to,何时用for,)。

例:They bought the children many good books.

他们给那些孩子买了许多好书。

→Many good books were bought for the children by them.

例:He lent me a pen.能借给我一支钢笔。→A pen was lent tome by him.

(2)在不定式作宾语补足语的结构中,改为被动语态时,把主动语态中的宾语提到被动语态主语的位置,宾语补足语的位置不变。

例:He asked the boy to wash the car.他让那个男孩洗车。

→The boy was asked to wash the car.

例:I saw a policeman enter the classroom.

我看见一名警察进了教室。

→A policeman was seen to enter the classroom.

(3)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,在变为被动语态时要加上to。

常接省略to的不定式作补足语的动词有:

一感(feel)、二听(listen to,hear)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(watch,see,look at,notice),帮助(help)可带可不带

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