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主谓一致六大原则

2021-02-12 09:23:53

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.

注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.

2、由连接词and或both……and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.

注意:(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:Thewriterandartisthascome.(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom./Noboyandnogirllikesit.

3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.

4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.

注意:(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.(2)若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.

5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.

6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如:ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.

注意:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.

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